TEST PROTOCOL
BARRIER SUBSTRATES
BULLET VELOCITY
All trajectories and associated 
velocities are from SAAMI minimum 
specification test barrels. An Oehler 
83 model 35 P with model 55 
skyscreens was used for velocity 
measurements. Bullet velocity was 
measured at a distance of 5 meters 
from the muzzle. Down range 
velocities shown in the ballistic 
tables are calculated with an exterior 
ballistics computer program.
TRAJECTORY TABLES
Trajectories are calculated using 
a computer program. A (-) sign 
indicates the trajectory of the bullet 
is below the line of sight. A (+) 
sign indicates the trajectory of the 
bullet is above the line of sight. All 
trajectories were calculated for the 
International Standard Atmosphere 
(ISA) (Pressure: 1013,25 hPa / 
Temperature: +15°C / Density:  
1,225 kg/m3)
10% BALLISTIC 
GELATIN TESTS
The tissue simulant utilized in FBI 
ballistic tests is Kind & Knox or 
Vyse 250-A ordnance gelatin. The 
mixture is 10%, by weight. Properly 
calibrated 10% ordnance gelatin is a 
reliable tissue simulant. Validation of 
ballistic gelatin is conducted by firing 
a 4,5 mm steel BB at 180 meters per 
second (m/s), plus or minus 4,5 m/s,  
into the gelatin, resulting in 85 
millimeters (mm), plus or minus 
10 mm, penetration (75 – 95 mm). 
All gelatin was stored at 4°C until 
just prior to testing. The gelatin 
was placed 3 meters from the 
muzzle of the test weapon (unless 
otherwise noted).
BARE GELATIN
Made in accordance with 
standard FBI protocol 
(10% ordnance gelatin).
HEAVY CLOTHING
The gelatin block is 
covered with four layers 
of clothing: one layer of 
cotton t-shirt material 
(approximately 178 grams 
per square meter (g/m2),  
1,9 threads per mm); 
one layer of cotton shirt 
material (approximately 
119 grams per square 
meter (g/m2), 3,1 Threads 
per mm); one layer of 
Malden Mills Polartec 
200 fleece and one 
layer of cotton denim 
(approximately 488 grams 
per square meter (g/m2), 
1,9 Threads per mm).
STEEL*
Two pieces of 0,91 mm, 
hot-rolled steel with a 
galvanized finish are set 
76 mm apart. The clothing 
covered gelatin block is 
placed 457 millimeters 
behind the rear most piece 
of steel. This test event 
simulates the weakest 
part of a car door.
WALLBOARD*
Two pieces of ½ inch  
(12,7 mm) standard 
gypsum board are set  
89 mm apart. The gelatin 
block is placed 457 mm 
behind the rear most 
piece of gypsum. This test 
event simulates a typical 
building interior wall.
*Tests 3-6 utilize light clothing (e.g. the cotton t-shirt and dress shirt materials 
mentioned above), in addition to the mentioned intermediate barrier.
All terminal testing is from actual firearms. The gelatin images represent one fired test shot. 
The data represents an average of five fired test shots. Individual results may vary.
LOCATION:
Hornady® Manufacturing 
Ballistic Laboratory
Grand Island, Nebraska
ELEVATION:
549 meters AMSL  
(Above Mean 
Sea Level)
TEMPERATURE:
23° C

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